The science behind
Brain Vital Signs
NeuroCatch is built on decades of EEG and event-related potential (ERP) research. ERPs are the brain's electrical responses in the milliseconds after it hears a sound or word. These responses reflect how the brain notices, pays attention to, and makes sense of information.
The research behind Neurocatch
Since the earliest evoked responses were reported in 1939, there are now over 170,000 published studies on the PubMed.gov database.
The NeuroCatch Platform measures three event-related potentials (ERPs) that are direct measures of cognitive function: N100, P300, and N400 responses, for which over 103,600 studies have been published.
Brain Vital Signs
Objective Neurophysiological Measures of Cognitive Performance in Elite Ice Hockey Players
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- Kirby ED, Jones K, Campbell N, Fickling SD, and D’Arcy RCN
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- 2025
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- Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 16 (January):15–24
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- https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S494589
A retrospective, observational study of real-world clinical data from the Cognitive Function Development Therapy program
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- Kirby ED, Beyst B, Beyst J, Brodie SM and D’Arcy RCN
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- 2024
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- Front. Hum. Neurosci. 18:1508815
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- doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1508815
An objective neurophysiological study of subconcussion in female and male high school student athletes
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- D’Arcy R. C. N., McCarthy D., Harrison D., Levenberg Z., Wan J., Hepburn A., Kirby E. D., Yardley T., Yamada-Bagg N., Fickling S. D., Munce T. A., Dodick D. W., Ahmad C., & Stein K. S.
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- 2024
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- Scientific reports, 14(1), 28929
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- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80262-z
Brain vital sign monitoring of sleep deprivation detects situational cognitive impairment
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- Jones KB, Frizzell T, Fickling SD, Pawlowski G, Brodie SM, Lakhani B, Venter J, D’Arcy RCN
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- 2024
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- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1358551
Brain vital signs as a quantitative measure of cognition: Methodological implementation in a care home environment
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- Ighalo J, Kirby ED, Song X, Fickling SD, Pawlowski G, Ghosh Hajra S, Liu CC, Menon C, Shah SA, Knoefel F, D’Arcy RCN
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- 2024
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- Heliyon
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28982
Mixed martial art athletes demonstrate different brain vital sign profiles compared to matched controls at baseline
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- Munce T.A., Fickling S.D., Nijjer S., Poel D.N., & D’Arcy R.C.N.
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- 2024
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- Frontiers in Neurology, 15.
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- https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1438368
Real world evidence of improved attention and cognition during physical therapy paired with neuromodulation: a brain vital signs study
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- Kirby ED, Jones CB, Fickling SD, Pawlowski G, Brodie SM, Boyd LA, Venter J, Moser N, Kalsi-Ryan S, Medvedev G and D’Arcy RCN
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- 2023
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- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 17:1209480
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- doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1209480
A Practical and Accessible Measure of Brain Vital Signs: the NeuroCatch® Platform
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Campbell, N., Fickling S.
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- 2022
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- NeuroCatch Inc.
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- TBD
Distant Sensor Prediction of Event-Related Potentials
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- Fickling, S.D., Bolinger, F., Pawlowski, G., Ghosh Hajra, S., Liu, C.C., Song, X., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2022
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- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 67(10), 2916 – 2924
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- doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.2973617
Objective neurophysiological markers of cognition after pediatric brain injury
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- Nayoung Kim, William D. Watson, Eric Caliendo, Sophie Nowak, Nicholas D. Schiff, Sudhin A. Shah, N. Jeremy Hill
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- 2022
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- Neurology Clinical Practice
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- 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200066. (Independent Study)
Brain Vital Signs in Elite Ice Hockey: Towards Characterizing Objective and Specific Neurophysiological Reference Values for Concussion Management
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- Carrick, F. R., Pagnacco, G., Azzolino, S. F., Hunfalvay, M., Oggero, E., Frizzell, T., Smith, C. J., Pawlowski, G., Campbell, N., Fickling, S. D., Lakhani, B., & D’Arcy, R.
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- 2021
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- Frontiers in neuroscience, 15, 670563
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- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.670563
Event Related Potential Signal Capture Can Be Enhanced through Dynamic SNR-Weighted Channel Pooling
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- Hajra, S. G., Liu, C. C., Fickling, S. D., Pawlowski, G. M., Song, X., & D’Arcy, R.
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- 2021
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- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 21(21), 7258
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- https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217258
Mitigating Long-Term COVID-19 Consequences on Brain Health
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- D’Arcy, R., Sandhu, J. K., Marshall, S., & Besemann, M.
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- 2021
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- Frontiers in neurology, 12, 630986
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- https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.630986
Subconcussive brain vital signs changes predict head-impact exposure in ice hockey players
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- Fickling, S. D., Smith, A. M., Stuart, M. J., Dodick, D. W., Farrell, K., Pender, S. C., & D’Arcy, R. C.
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- 2021
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- Brain Communications, 3(2), fcab019
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- doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab019
Subconcussive changes in youth football players: Objective evidence using brain vital signs and instrumented accelerometers
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- Fickling, S.D., Poel, D.N., Dorman, J.C., D’Arcy, R.C.N., & Munce, T.A.
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- 2021
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- Brain Communications, fcab286
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- https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab286
Brain vital signs detect information processing differences when neuromodulation is used during cognitive skills training
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- Smith, C., Lakhani, B., Livingstone, A., Fickling, S., Campbell, N., Tannouri, P., Danilov, Y., Sackier, J., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2020
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- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 14, 358.
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- doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00358
Brain vital signs detect concussion-related neurophysiological impairment in ice-hockey
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- Fickling, S.D., Smith, A.M., Pawlowski, G., Ghosh Hajra, S., Liu, C.C., Farrell, K., Jorgensen, J., Song, X., Stuart, M.J., D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- Brain, 142(2), 255-262. Editor’s Choice.
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- doi: 10.1093/brain/awy317
Brain vital signs: Expanding from the auditory to visual modality
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- Pawlowski, G., Ghosh Hajra, S., Fickling, S., Liu, C.C., Song, X., Robinovitch, S., Doesburg, S.M., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- Frontiers in Neuroscience. 18;12:968.
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- doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00968
Good data? The EEG quality index for automated assessment of signal quality
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- Fickling, S.D., Liu, C.C., Ghosh Hajra, S., Song, X., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- IEEE XPlore. 2019, 0219-0229.
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- doi: 10.1109/IEMCON.2019.8936246
Proceedings from the Ice Hockey Summit III: Action on Concussion
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- Smith, A.N., Alford, P.A., Aubry, M., Benson, B., Black, A., Brooks, A., Burke, C., D’Arcy, R.C.N., Dodick, D., Eaves, M., Eickhoff, C., Erredge, K., Farrell, K., Finnoff, J., Fraser, D., Giza, C., Greenwald, R., Hanzel, M., Hoshizaki, B., Huston, J., Jorgenson, J., Joyner, M., Krause, D., LaVoi, N., Leaf, M., Leddy, J., Leopold, J., Margarucci, K., Margulies, S., Mihalik, J., Munce, T., Ouer, A., Podein, S., Prideaux, C., Roberts, W.O., Shen, F., Soma, D., Tabrum, M., Stuart, M.B., Wethe, J., Whitehead, J., Wiese-Bjornstal, D., & Stuart, M.J.
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- 2019
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- Current Sport Medicine Reports, 18(1), 23-34.
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- doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000557
Reply: P300 amplitudes after concussion are usually decreased not increased
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- Fickling, S.D., Smith, A.M., Pawlowski, G., Ghosh Hajra, S., Liu, C.C., Farrell, K., Jorgensen, J., Song, X., Stuart, M.J., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- Brain.142(7), e33
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- doi: 10.1093/brain/awz147
Accessing knowledge of the ‘here and now’: A new technique for capturing electromagnetic markers of orientation processing
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- Ghosh Hajra, S., Liu, C.C., Song, X., Fickling, S.D., Cheung, T.P.L. & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2018
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- Journal of Neural Engineering, 16(1), 016008.
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- doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aae91e
Multimodal characterization of the semantic N400 response within a rapid evaluation brain vital sign framework
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- Ghosh Hajra, S., Liu, C.C., Song, X., Fickling, S.D., Cheung, T.P., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2018
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- Journal of Translational Medicine, 16(1),151.
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- doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1527-2
Developing Brain Vital Signs: Initial Framework for Monitoring Brain Function Changes Over Time
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- Ghosh-Hajra, S., Liu, C., Song, X., Fickling, S., Pawlowski, G., Jorgensen, J.K., Smith, A.M., Schnaider-Beeri, M., Van Den Broek, R., Rizzotti, R., Fisher, K., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2016
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- Frontiers of Neuroscience, Brain Imaging Methods. 10, 211.
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- doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00211
Supporting Clinical ERP/EEG Literature
Investigating female versus male differences in white matter neuroplasticity associated with complex visuo-motor learning
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- Kirby, E. D., Andrushko, J. W., Rinat, S., D’Arcy, R. C. N., & Boyd, L. A.
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- 2024
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- Scientific reports, 14(1), 5951
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- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56453-z
Imaging functional neuroplasticity in human white matter tracts
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- Frizzell, T. O., Phull, E., Khan, M., Song, X., Grajauskas, L. A., Gawryluk, J., & D’Arcy, R.
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- 2022
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- Brain structure & function, 227(1), 381–392.
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- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02407-4
audiomath
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- Hill, N. J., Mooney, S., & Prusky, G. T.
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- 2021
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- A neuroscientist’s sound toolkit. Heliyon, 7(2), e06236.
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- doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06236
The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
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- Carrick, F. R., Azzolino, S. F., Hunfalvay, M., Pagnacco, G., Oggero, E., D’Arcy, R., Abdulrahman, M., & Sugaya, K.
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- 2021
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- Life (Basel, Switzerland), 11(10), 1104.
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- https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101104
Differential neural processing of spontaneous blinking under visual and auditory sensory environments: An EEG investigation of blink-related oscillations
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- Liu, C.C., Ghosh Hajra, S., Pawlowski, G., Fickling, S.D., Song, X., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2020
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- NeuroImage. 218, 116879
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116879
Portable neuromodulation induces neuroplasticity to re-activate motor function recovery from brain injury: a high-density MEG case study
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- D’Arcy, R. C. N., Greene, T., Greene, D., Frehlick, Z., Fickling, S. D., Campbell, N., Etheridge, T., Smith, C., Bollinger, F., Danilov, Y., Livingstone, A., Tannouri, P., Martin, P., & Lakhani, B.
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- 2020
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- Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 17(1), 158.
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- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00772-5
The Feasibility of Longitudinal Upper Extremity Motor Function Assessment Using EEG
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- Zhang, X., D’Arcy, R.C.N., Ming, D., & Menon, C.
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- 2020
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- TBD
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- https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195487
Cognitive loading via mental arithmetic modulates effects of blink-related oscillations on precuneus and ventral attention network regions
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- Liu, C.C., Ghosh Hajra, S., Song, X., Doesburg, S., Cheung, T.P.L., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- Human Brain Mapping, 40(2), 377-393
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- https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24378
Electrophysiology of inhibitory control in the context of emotion processing in children with autism spectrum disorder
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- Magnuson, J.R., Peatfield, N.A., Fickling, S., Nunes, A.S., Christie, G., Vakorin, V., D’Arcy, R.C.N., Ribary, U., Iarocci, G., Moreno, S., & Doesburg, S.M.
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- 2019
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- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 12,13:78
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- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00078
Human translingual neurostimulation alters resting brain activity in high-density EEG
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- Frehlick, Z., Lakhani, B., Fickling, S., Livingstone, A., Danilov, Y., Sackier, J., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 16(1), 60
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- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0538-4
Novel signal processing technique for capture and isolation of blink-related oscillations using a low-density electrode array for bedside evaluation of consciousness
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- Liu, C.C., Ghosh Hajra, S., Fickling, S.D., Pawlowski, G., Song, X., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2019
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- EEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. Epub ahead of print. 67(2), 453-463
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- https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2915185
Scoring upper-extremity motor function from EEG using artificial intelligence
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- Zhang, X., D’Arcy, R.C.N., Menon, C.
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- 2019
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- Journal of Neural Engineering. 16 (3), 036013
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- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ab0b82
Point-of-care brain injury evaluation of conscious awareness: Wide scale deployment of portable HCS EEG evaluation
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- Fleck-Prediger, C., Ghosh Hajra, S., Liu, C.C., Gray, S., Petley, L., Weaver, D.F., Gopinath, S., Yee, E., Dick, B.D., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2018
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- Neuroscience of Consciousness. 2018(1)
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- https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niy011
Spontaneous blinks activate the precuneus: Characterizing blink-related oscillations using magnetoencephalography
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- Liu, C.C.; Ghosh Hajra, S., Cheung, T.P., Song, X., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2017
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- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 11, 489
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- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00489
Long-Term Motor Recovery After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Beyond Established Limits
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Lindsay, D.S., Song, X., Gawryluk, J.R., Greene, D., Mayo, C., Ghosh Hajra, S., Mandziuk, L., Mathieson, J., & Greene T.
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- 2016
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- Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 31(5), E50-8
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- https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000185
A rapid event-related potential (ERP) method for point-of-care evaluation of brain function: using ERPs: Development of the Halifax Consciousness Scanner
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- Sculthorpe-Petley, L., Liu, C., Ghosh-Hajra, S., Boshra, R., Satel, J., Trappenberg, T.P., D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2015
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- Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 245, 64-72
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.02.008
Detection of event-related potentials in individual subjects using support vector machines
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- Parvar, H., R., Sculthorpe-Petley, L., Satel, J., Boshra, D’Arcy, R.C.N., Trappenberg, T.P.
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- 2015
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- Brain Informatics. 2 (1), 1-12
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- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40708-014-0006-7
Towards brain first-aid: A diagnostic device for conscious awareness
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Ghosh-Hajra, S., Liu, C., Sculthorpe, L., & Weaver, D.F.
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- 2011
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- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 58(3), 750-4.
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- https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2010.2090880
Event-related brain potentials as a measure of performance on WISC-III and WAIS-R NI Similarities sub-tests
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- Connolly, J.F., Marchand, Y., Major, A., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2006
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- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 28(8), 1327-1345
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- https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390500428484
The influences of increased working memory load on semantic neural systems: A high-resolution event-related brain potential study
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Service, E., Connolly, J.F., & Hawco, C.S.
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- 2005
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- Cognitive Brain Research. 22 (2), 177-191
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.08.007
Separating phonological and semantic processing in auditory sentence processing: A high-resolution event-related brain potential study
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Connolly, J.F., Service, E., Hawco, C.S., & Houlihan, M.E.
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- 2004
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- Human Brain Mapping. 22 (1), 40-51
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- https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20008
Electrophysiological assessment of language function following stroke
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Marchand, Y., Eskes, G.A., Harrison, E.R, Major, A., Phillips, S.J., & Connolly, J.F.
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- 2003
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- Clinical Neurophysiology. 114 (4), 662-672
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00007-5
Linking neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures for aphasia assessment
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- Marchand, Y., D’Arcy, R.C.N., & Connolly, J.F.
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- 2002
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- Clinical Neurophysiology. 113(11), 1715-22
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00224-9
Phonological aspects of word recognition as revealed by high-resolution spatio-temporal brain mapping
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- Connolly, J.F., Service, E., D’Arcy, R.C.N., Kujala, A., & Alho, A.
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- 2001
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- NeuroReport, 12(2), 237-43
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- https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200102120-00012
Evaluation of reading comprehension with neuropsychological and event-related brain potential (ERP) methods
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Connolly, J.F., & Eskes, G.A.
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- 2000
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- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 6(5), 556-67
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- https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617700655054
Innovations in neuropsychological assessment using event-related brain potentials
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- Connolly, J.F., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 2000
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- International Journal of Psychophysiology. 37(1), 31-47
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(00)00093-3
Latency shifts in the N2b component track phonological deviations in spoken words
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., Connolly, J.F., & Crocker, S.F.
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- 2000
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- Clinical Neurophysiology. 111(1), 40-4
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00210-2
The application of cognitive event-related brain potentials in language-impaired individuals: Review and case studies
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- Connolly, J.F., D’Arcy, R.C.N., Newman R.L. & Kemps, R.
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- 2000
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- International Journal of Psychophysiology. 38(1), 55-70
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(00)00130-6
An event-related brain potential study of receptive speech comprehension using a modified Token Test
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- D’Arcy, R.C.N., & Connolly, J.F.
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- 1999
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- Neuropsychologia. 37(13), 1477-1489.
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- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00057-3
Performance on WISC-III and WAIS-R NI vocabulary subtests assessed with event-related brain potentials: An innovative method of assessment
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- Connolly, J.F., Major, A.M., Allen, S.L., & D’Arcy, R.C.N.
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- 1999
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- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 21(4), 444-464
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- https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.21.4.444.879